Three-dimensional finite element simulation of fracture propagation in rock specimens with pre-existing fissure(s) under compression and their strength analysis     

Ramin Pakzad  Shanyong Wang  Scott W. Sloan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(10):1472-1494

A FORTRAN program, consistent with the commercially available finite element (FE) code ABAQUS, is developed based on a three-dimensional (3D) linear elastic brittle damage constitutive model with two damage criteria. To consider the heterogeneity of rock, the developed FORTRAN program is used to set the stiffness and strength properties of each element of the FE model following a Weibull distribution function. The reliability of the program is assessed against available experimental results for granite cylindrical specimens with a throughgoing, flat and inclined fissure. The calibration procedure of the material parameters is explained in detail, and it is shown that the compressive to tensile strength ratio can have a substantial influence on the failure response of the specimens. Numerical simulations are conducted for models with different levels of heterogeneity. The results show a smaller load bearing capacity for models with less homogeneity, representing gradual coalescence of fully damaged elements forming throughout the models during loading. The maximum load bearing capacity is studied for various combinations of inclination angles of two centrally aligned, throughgoing and flat fissures of equal length embedded in cylindrical models under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions. The key role of the compressive to tensile strength ratio is highlighted by repeating certain simulations with a lower compressive to tensile strength ratio. It is proven that the peak loads of the rock models with sufficiently small compressive to tensile strength ratios containing two throughgoing fissures of equal length are similar, provided that the minimum inclination angles of the models are the same. The results are presented and discussed with respect to the existing experimental findings in the literature, suggesting that the numerical model applied in this study can provide useful insight into the failure behaviour of rock-like materials.  相似文献   

我国煤炭资源开发前景及对策     

张建强  宁树正  陈美英  龚汉宏  张莉 《地质论评》2020,66(S1):143-145

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Constraining the characters of the upper mantle discontinuities beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau with a dense broadband seismic array     

Huang  He  Shen  Xuzhang  Liu  Xuzhou  Zhang  Yuansheng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(3):425-438

Based on observations from a dense broadband seismic array located along the northeastern (NE) margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southeastern Gansu Province,we use receiver functions (RFs) to pick the arrival times of P-to-S converted waves and bin the traces in different grids according to the piercing points of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities in the upper mantle.The depths of the two discontinuities are estimated by the ray tracing method with the IASP91 velocity model and a 3-D tomography model.The results indicate the following:(1) The arrival times of the P410s and P660s converted phases are delayed by approximately 1 s than those predicted by the IASP91 model.The mantle transition zone (MTZ) is thicker than that in the global model.(2) The synchronous lags in the P410s and P660s arrival times are consistent with low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle,which are believed to result mainly from the eastward migration of materials beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.(3) Combined with previous tomography results,the depression of the'660'discontinuity and the thickened MTZ are somewhat consistent with the big mantle wedge (BMW) model.However,due to data limitations,more studies are required to explore the BMW in the future.  相似文献   

西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组富有机质泥页岩沉积岩相古地理与孔隙特征     

客昆  秦建华  牟必鑫  魏洪刚  何伟  雷玉雪  陈杨  刘治成 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(3):140-150

海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩是页岩气勘查开发的重要领域。本文以西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组富有机质泥页岩为研究对象，对研究区内富有机质泥页岩的沉积岩相古地理特征、微观孔隙类型、孔隙结构特征进行研究。白果湾组富有机质泥页岩段沉积相主要为湖泊相、三角洲相、河流相。发育不同类型的微孔隙，孔隙主要以小孔为主，微孔次之，平均孔径分布在5.56~56.89nm之间，比表面积平均为9.44m²/g，总孔体积平均为0.0187cm³/g。页岩气主要形成于滨浅湖亚相及半深湖亚相中，并主要吸附于富有机质泥页岩的小孔、微孔内；西昌盆地白果湾组富有机质泥页岩储集空间较好，具有良好的勘探潜力。  相似文献   

长江下游区域地温场特征及其能源意义     

朱戈  刘绍文  李香兰  吴迪 《地学前缘》2020,27(1):25-34

区域地热特征及深部温度估算对于油气勘探和地热能资源评价和开发利用具有重要意义,长江下游地区是我国东部经济社会高度发达的地区,其能源需求大,区域热状态研究能为该区地热资源评价提供关键约束。通过整合长江下游地区已有的温度数据和实测岩石物性参数,勾勒出该区的现今地温场特征,并进一步估算其1 000~5 000 m埋深处的地层温度。研究表明,长江下游地区现今地温梯度为16~41 ℃/km,且以18~25 ℃/km居多,苏北盆地区呈现高地温梯度。大地热流值为48~80 mW/m²,其均值为60 mW/m²,表现为中等的地热状态,有利于油气和地热能形成。此外,长江下游地区深部地温估算表明,1 000 m埋深处的温度范围为30~54 ℃,2 000 m时温度范围为50~95 ℃,3 000 m时温度范围为65~130 ℃,4 000 m时温度范围为80~170 ℃,5 000 m时温度范围为100~210 ℃。区域深部地温的展布趋势呈NE向,高温区域集中在安徽南部和江苏东北部。结合60 ℃和120 ℃等温线的埋深分布及区域地质、地球化学和地热特征,初步探讨了该区油气与地热资源的有利区带及其相应的开发利用类型。  相似文献   

青岛市生态环境变化遥感监测与分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘宇  齐建伟  卢宏钟  王光辉  高欣圆  王界  张涛 《测绘通报》2020,(9):60-65

城市化进程不断加快带来一系列生态环境问题，本文利用植被指数、湿度指数、地表温度、建筑物—裸土指数定量表征绿度、湿度、热度、干度4个生态要素指标，通过主成分分析法，建立遥感生态指数模型，并从时间和空间两个维度对比分析2013、2019年两个时期遥感生态指数。结果表明，青岛市生态环境呈局部优化改进、整体下降趋势；同时，将青岛市遥感生态指数与人类活动相关的地表覆盖变化数据、路网交通数据、夜光数据进行耦合性分析，进一步分析探寻生态环境变化的影响因子。  相似文献   

水平分支注浆孔卡埋钻事故处理实践          下载免费PDF全文

石逊  刘江  李红梅  伍晓龙  王雷浩 《探矿工程》2020,47(9):33-38

近年来煤矿奥灰治水注浆定向钻进技术发展迅速，多分支超深水平注浆孔数量激增。在水平注浆孔施工过程中，普遍存在地层漏失量大，泥浆突然失返，小径钻孔裸孔段长，水平段孔眼轨迹复杂，控制难度大，靶点技术误差要求严，定向仪器、工具等价格昂贵，施工风险相对较高，极易发生埋钻卡钻事故。一旦发生卡钻事故，就会面临着处理周期长、处理难度大等问题，传统的卡埋钻处理方法在水平注浆孔中应用效果不明显。通过采用空压机输送压缩空气，破坏水平孔着床的沉砂结构，将着床的沉砂吹出孔外或吹入地层裂隙，成功地实现了解卡。总结了水平注浆孔施工中卡埋钻事故的预防措施。  相似文献   

冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山不整合特征与油气运聚模式     

蔡川  邱楠生  刘念  李振明  王元杰  鱼占文  焦亚先 《地质学报》2020,94(3):888-904

本文从冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合接触类型及分布规律、结构特征及输导类型出发，精细刻画了不整合面之下半风化岩石层的垂向岩溶分带特征。在此基础上对典型剖面烃源岩热演化、油气运移进行模拟，建立了研究区潜山油气的运聚模式。结果表明，束鹿凹陷潜山顶面不整合包括4种接触类型、5种结构模式，具有3种输导类型，其中斜坡区和洼槽区西部以侧向型为主，斜坡区局部构造高点与洼中隆为侧向+圈闭型，凸起区以侧向+垂向型为主。不整合面之下半风化岩石孔缝洞体系发育，垂向上可划分为表层岩溶带、垂直渗流带以及三个水平潜流带，具有多期岩溶旋回特征。潜山顶部发育的垂直渗流带是油气沿不整合面运移的主力输导层，而内幕发育的多期水平潜流带是油气向内幕运移的潜在通道。深、浅部烃源岩热演化的差异以及与薄层砾岩是否接触导致了斜坡区与洼中隆潜山油气充注的差异，形成了斜坡区晚期薄层砾岩高效中转、不整合侧向运移、水平潜流带向内幕输导、顺向断层向上输导、反向断层圈闭成藏的油气运聚模式。  相似文献   

Coalbed Methane Enrichment Regularity and Major Control Factors in the Xishanyao Formation in the Western Part of the Southern Junggar Basin     

YUAN Yuan  SHAN Yansheng  TANG Yue  CAO Daiyong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):485-500

There are abundant coal and coalbed methane(CBM)resources in the Xishanyao Formation in the western region of the southern Junggar Basin,and the prospects for CBM exploration and development are promising.To promote the exploration and development of the CBM resources of the Xishanyao Formation in this area,we studied previous coalfield survey data and CBM geological exploration data.Then,we analyzed the relationships between the gas content and methane concentration vs.coal seam thickness,burial depth,coal reservoir physical characteristics,hydrogeological conditions,and roof and floor lithology.In addition,we briefly discuss the main factors influencing CBM accumulation.First,we found that the coal strata of the Xishanyao Formation in the study area are relatively simple in structure,and the coal seam has a large thickness and burial depth,as well as moderately good roof and floor conditions.The hydrogeological conditions and coal reservoir physical characteristics are also conducive to the enrichment and a high yield of CBM.We believe that the preservation of CBM resources in the study area is mainly controlled by the structure,burial depth,and hydrogeological conditions.Furthermore,on the basis of the above results,the coal seam of the Xishanyao Formation in the synclinal shaft and buried at depths of 700-1000 m should be the first considered for development.  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘显生宙四次底侵作用及其构造-岩浆活动与深部背景     

邵济安  周新华  张履桥 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):124-134

通过对华北克拉通北缘显生宙四次(P₁,T₃,J₁,K₁)底侵作用的研究,将华北克拉通的活化与岩石圈深部地幔物质的底辟体上涌联系起来。不同阶段底侵作用在岩浆来源深度、与构造格局关系、对地壳垂向增生的贡献、幔源物质脉动式上涌等方面的差异与变化,显示它们是一个分阶段连续热演化的深部过程,其动力学机制是深部的高热流和地幔物质的向上运移。对应于地幔物质上涌,必然存在同期的地幔底辟体隆起的岩石圈结构变化。通过对华北中生代盆山系形成机制的讨论,认为该区高分辨率面波层析成像所显示的地幔底辟体上涌的特征可以反映中生代岩石圈底侵作用的深部背景。  相似文献